Solid-State
Drive (SSD) is a data storage medium using nonvolatile memory as a medium and
not using magnetic discs like a conventional hard disk drive. In contrast to volatile
memory (RAM programs), data stored on SSD will not be lost even if there is no
electrical power.
History
History data
storage without using any moving components is actually already begun since the
late 1960 's and early 1970 's., SSD solely to artificial IBM super computer,
Amdahl and Cray. However, the expensive price to pay, make SSD could not be
produced because of the uneconomical masse (at that time only created if there
are orders).
The project
then begins again with SSD presence SSD made by StorageTek 5800 in the late
1970s. at the beginning of the 1980s, Santa Clara Systems introduced BatRam, an
array of shape memory RAM chip with a total capacity of 1 megabit (125 kilo
byte) which serves to emulate the hard-disk, a storage medium that is large
enough, because MS-DOS version 1.0 only supports a maximum storage of 160 kilo
byte only. In the package, this memory is equipped with rechargeable batteries.
This function saves the battery when the data set of RAM doesn't get electrical
power supply (e.g. when the computer is turned off).
In 1995, the
M-Systems introduced flash-based SSD memory. SSD is then widely used by the
military and space industry of United States in lieu of conventional hard-disk
function. Since then, growing so are SSD in a device that we know today and
start mass produced so much more affordable at this time (although the usual
hard-disk is still much cheaper).
Features and
Technology
From the side
of his nature, SSD can be classified into two, namely flash-based and US-based
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).
In the market
today we meet many flash-based SSD technologies, such as Flash Disk, Secure
Digital (SD Card), Micro SD Card, Multi Media Card (MMC), Compact Flash (CF).
While the physical sizes of SSD with hard-disk, i.e. the size of conventional
1.8-inch and 2.5-inch with a capacity of up to 128 GB, above since 2008 have
started gaining popularity in the market along with a more affordable price.
Flash-based
SSD make use of a small amount of DRAM for cache is used to store information
about the placement of a block of data as well as information on wear leveling
(a technique to extend the age of flash-based memory usage). While on SSD with
high performance usually also equipped with temporary electrical power storage
(energy storage). These components are generally composed of a series of
capacitors or batteries which served to move the data from the cache to the SSD
flash memory when the computer is shut down/off suddenly (if the
capacitor-based) or to store data temporarily in the cache (if using a battery).
Flash-Based
SSD
The Data in the
flash-based SSD usually stored in memory cells on a chip. In this group there
are two types of memory cells are commonly used, namely type MLC (Multi Level
Cell) and SLC (Single Level Cell).
Type MLC SSD is
usually cheaper as compared to the SLC-based. This is due to the MLC store data
of 3 or more bits per cell, whereas for SLC only 1 bit only, so the cost per
giga byte him becomes lower.
Whereas the
type SLC SSD worth more expensive, but it has its own type of advantages if
compared with other types of MLC, the data transfer rate is higher, lower power
consumption and durability of memory cells is longer. One cause of this is the
expensive price of SLC fare making higher per giga-byte SSD SLC type his recall
is only capable of storing data with fewer numbers per cell.
DRAM-Based SSD
SSD technology
has data access speed is very high (generally less than 2 milli seconds). These
devices are usually equipped with internal batteries and backup data storage
systems to ensure the presence of data in the SSD anyway when the computer is
turned off or sudden death. In this condition, the batteries in the SSD will
supply power for a series of cells to copy all the information from the backup
storage devices to DRAM. When the computer is powered on again, all of this
information will be restored again to the DRAM.
SSD advantages
Compared to conventional hard-disk
There are many
advantages of Solid State drives compared to hard-disk, such as:
- Time to start working (start-up) faster. This resulted in higher data access, delay/delay (latency) reads the data at lower and data search time (seek time) which is much faster.
- Don't have a noisy/drone (noise) given the absence of a moving component.
- More efficient electrical power, although for DRAM-based SSD still required a fairly high power supplies, but when compared to a conventional hard-disk is far more energy efficient.
- More susceptible to shocks, vibrations, and high temperatures.
- With the same storage capacity, SSD has a lighter weight and sleeker physical size when compared to regular hard-disk (especially current up to 256 GB of storage size) so that the more portable for notebooks and mobile external storage.
- Because it can store data even if the power supply does not exist, then this SSD technology if combined with the Memristor technology (Memory Transistors) opens the possibility to achieve the creation of a computer like can turn on and turn off a TV, so the term start-up, shutdown, hang, blue screen and the like just being historical record for our grandchildren.
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